Aircraft Terminology - Welcome to our dictionary of aviation terms. Like any niche or industry, aviation is filled with tons of confusing and confusing terms. Of course, aviation is rich in technology that is not used elsewhere and therefore is not known to most people.
Our goal is to cover and explain as many of these terms as possible, as clearly as possible. It is a work in progress as new terms come to hand as new technologies or ways of working are introduced. If you feel there are terms we haven't covered yet, feel free to leave a comment at the bottom of the page. We will investigate and add information as soon as possible.
Aircraft Terminology
ADF or Automatic Direction Finder is a navigational instrument used in marine and aviation. The instrument consists of a needle placed above the compass rose. Its use is to tune into terrestrial radio stations broadcasting in LV, typically 190 – 535 kHz. These can either be AM stations or purpose-built NDBs (non-directional beacons). Pilots can then either fly towards the beacon or use a bearing to determine their relative position.
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The fuselages are located on the rear outer edge of the main wings. Their purpose is to control the aircraft's roll to the left or right. For most aircraft, ailerons are used to cause a left or right turn by turning the aircraft in the desired direction. Tilting the aircraft to the left, for example, will cause a directional yaw. Balance and smoothness of turns can be controlled by rudder and elevators. Ailerons act as the moving part of the back of the wing and are connected to each other and the pilot's control column. As one hook goes up, it on the opposite wing goes down. A downward rudder will have a similar effect to a wing flap, creating additional lift which will cause the wing to rise. On the opposite wing, the aileron going up will have the opposite effect, reducing lift, causing that wing to descend. This will then cause the desired effect of rolling and turning in the direction the pilot wants. They are controlled by turning the control column or joystick from side to side.
In this situation, the pilot moved the control column to the right. The right aileron goes up and thus reduces the lift of the right wing. At the same time, it lowers the left aileron and increases the lift of the left wing. This will cause a roll to the right, which will result in the aircraft turning to the right.
On larger aircraft, you may have noticed the exhaust pipe from the smaller engine, usually inside the tail cone of the aircraft. This engine, which is only a fraction of the size of the main engines, is called the APU or Auxiliary Power Unit.
The exhaust part of the APU (auxiliary power unit) is located in the tail section of the Airbus A380.
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The purpose of the APU is to provide power to aircraft systems such as lighting, air conditioning and some flight controls while the aircraft is parked at the terminal. During flight, of course, power is supplied by generators attached to the main engines. In most major airports, power is supplied via ground connections to avoid starting the APU, thereby reducing noise and pollution.
On twin-jet aircraft, the APU acts as a backup power source in flight should both engines fail. This is to allow the pilots to still have control over the flight surfaces so that the aircraft can be controlled via the electrical power provided by the APU. These APUs must meet strict standards, such as being able to take off on ice at 41,000 feet. If a twin jet like the Boeing 787 has a useless APU. his ETOPS certification is revoked and he must take a longer route over water that is never more than 60 minutes from the nearest available airport.
The cockpit or flight deck of the aircraft is of course central to the control of the aircraft. The layout of the control panel may vary from aircraft manufacturer to aircraft manufacturer, but overall it consists of largely the same instruments. The digital age and the glass cockpit have changed many of the standard analogue instruments now displayed on computer screens, as can be seen in the example below, which is a Boeing 737. Some of the features can be seen below by clicking on the hot spots.
The aircraft's elevators can be found on the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizers, which in turn are located on the fin. The purpose of the elevators is to control the pitch of the aircraft. The pilot controls the elevators
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In this image, the pilot pulled back on the control column, causing the elevator to rise. This reduces the lift created by the horizontal stabilizers, causing the tail of the aircraft to sink. This increases the angle of attack of the main wings, causing the aircraft to climb.
By pulling or pushing the control column or joystick forward or backward. Like paddles and paddles, elevators work by creating more lift when in the down position or less lift when in opposition.
By increasing lift, that is, with lowered elevators, they make the rear part or feathers of the aircraft rise. This reduces the angle of attack of the main wings, which then causes the aircraft to begin to descend. By reducing lift with the elevators up, the tail section of the aircraft drops and therefore the angle of attack of the main wings causes the aircraft to climb.
Empennage is a part of the aircraft that is usually located at the rear of the fuselage. This section includes the tail or vertical stabilizer, including the rudder, and the horizontal stabilizers, including the elevators. Feathers therefore included airfoils that control the upward and downward movement of the aircraft, as well as yaw or side-to-side movement. In some aircraft, such as the Boeing 727, DC-10 or L1011, the engines may also be present in this area.
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ETOPS, which can also humorously be said to mean "Engines Spin or Passengers Swim", is a decision that controls the ability of twin-engined aircraft to fly more than 60 minutes from the nearest available airport on one engine. The judgment applies mainly to overwater routes, but in reality it may also apply to flights over large remote areas.
ETOPS has affected aircraft such as Airbus A300, A310, A320, A330 and A350, Boeing 737, 757, 767, 777, 787, Embraer E-Jets and ATR 72. As engine technology has improved and become more reliable, the ETOPS limitation has been toned down .
ETOPS restrictions are applied progressively, with aircraft types being assigned higher ETOPS classifications as their service history proves their reliability. For example, the first level is 60 minutes, which means that the aircraft cannot fly more than 60 minutes (on one engine) from the nearest available airport. As time goes on and the aircraft proves to be reliable, this can be increased to ETOPS90, ETOPS120 and so on.
The advent of large twin-engined aircraft with more reliable ETOPS ratings means the end of aircraft such as the A340 that had four engines to avoid ETOPS rulings.
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Aircraft wings are designed so that the aircraft flies at the highest possible speed, giving take-off with the least resistance. But when the plane is about to land or has just taken off, it flies much slower than its ideal cruising speed. This means that the wing may not be able to provide sufficient lift and the aircraft will be susceptible to stalling.
In order for the planes to fly safely at lower speeds, most are equipped with flaps. The covers can go inside
These fully extended flaps indicate that the aircraft is in the final stages of landing. Flaps effectively enlarge the wing and create more lift and allow the aircraft to fly more slowly.
Of various shapes, but simply put, they are attached to the rear of the wing, usually higher inboard or near the fuselage. The function of the flap is either to move back and down or simply to lower to various degrees as the pilot chooses. The result is that the camber, which is the curvature of the wing tip, increases. This has the effect of creating more lift and also more drag. The extra lift ensures that the aircraft can safely fly slower. You may have noticed the increased engine power as you approach the ground, which is done to compensate for the extra drag caused by the flaps.
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The fuselage is the main part of the aircraft. In most cases it is a cigar-shaped piece to which the wings are attached and in which
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